Subsurface voids pose significant risks to geotechnical design. Accurately mapping these voids is essential for ensuring the soundness of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole logging, can read more be time-consuming and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geophysical techniques, including ground wave velocit
Geotechnical exploration techniques are essential for characterizing cavities and voids within the subsurface. These structures can significantly impact the stability of foundations, infrastructure, and landforms. A variety of in situ exploration methods are employed to detect cavities and voids. These include drilling, geophysical techniques such
Geophysical exploration plays a crucial role in the identification and evaluation of potential mineral resources. By employing various physical methods, geologists can survey beneath the Earth's surface to localize subsurface structures and indicators indicative of mineral concentration. These geophysical techniques often involve the recording of